REITs

Debt also matters. Look at leverage, maturities, interest costs, occupancy, lease duration and tenant quality. A high dividend yield is not enough if the balance sheet is stretched or if the company constantly issues shares to fund itself.

Advantages

The main advantage is diversified real estate exposure. With one stock or ETF, you can access many properties. Some REITs specialize in specific sectors such as logistics, healthcare, residential property, data centers or retail. This makes it possible to access exposures that would be difficult to replicate through direct property ownership.

Liquidity is another advantage. REITs trade on exchanges, so they can be bought and sold more easily than physical buildings. The other side of that liquidity is daily market volatility.

Risks

REITs are sensitive to interest rates. Higher rates can increase financing costs and make dividend yields less attractive relative to bonds. Sector risk is also important: offices, shopping centers, logistics and residential assets do not behave the same way.

For Spanish tax residents, taxation depends on the vehicle, country, broker and withholding tax. If you buy US REITs, review the W-8BEN, withholding tax and double taxation implications.

How to use them in a portfolio

REITs can work as a satellite allocation inside a diversified portfolio, not necessarily as the core. Before investing, compare dividend yield, payout based on FFO, net debt, asset quality and geographic concentration.

This is not financial advice. Listed real estate can provide income, but it combines stock market risk, property risk, leverage and international tax complexity.

Common mistakes

The most dangerous mistake is looking only at dividend yield. In REITs, a high yield can signal opportunity, but it can also reflect financial stress, falling property values or doubts about payout sustainability. Another mistake is using the P/E ratio as if the company were a normal industrial business; listed real estate is often better analyzed through FFO, AFFO, NAV, debt and occupancy.

It is also important to distinguish physical property from real estate stocks. A REIT can fall 30% in the market even while its buildings remain leased. That daily volatility is different from owning a property directly, but direct property has lower liquidity and higher transaction costs.

Practical checklist

• Review net debt and debt maturities.
• Check occupancy and average lease duration.
• Compare payout based on FFO or AFFO.
• Evaluate concentration by country, sector and tenant.
• Understand withholding taxes before buying foreign REITs.

Useful sources

Investor.gov provides educational material on REITs. For Spanish vehicles, review CNMV filings and official company documentation.